Top 10 dis­cov­er­ies facts

Pulsar. In 1967 Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish first observed pulses separated by 1.33 seconds, originated from the same location on the sky. It was not until a second pulsating source was discovered in a different part of the sky that the "LGM hypothesis" was entirely abandoned.

Columbus. Santa Maria, the largest of three ships of Columbus' first voyage, was a small Carrack with single deck and a crew of 40 men.

In 3rd century B.C. Eratosthenes of Cyrene was the chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He is best known for being the first person to calculate the circumference of the Earth. He did it by measuring Sun's angle of elevation at noon on the solstice in Alexandria, knowing, that at the same time the Sun is at Zenith in the Ancient Egyptian city of Swenet, 5000 stades from Alexandria. Seventeen hundred years after Christopher Columbus studied Eratosthenes writings and decided that the calculations were wrong, and the Earth must be smaller - which led him to seek India in the west.

Moons of Jupiter. The four largest moons of Jupiter were discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei and are today known as the Galilean moons. From the end of the 19th century, dozens of much smaller Jovian moons have been discovered and have received the names of lovers or daughters of the Roman god Jupiter or his Greek equivalent Zeus.

Wilhelm Röntgen. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen German: was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Nebula. The Cat's Eye Nebula is a relatively bright planetary nebula in the northern constellation of Draco, discovered by William Herschel on February 15, 1786. It was the first planetary nebula whose spectrum was investigated by the English amateur astronomer William Huggins, demonstrating that planetary nebulae were gaseous and not stellar in nature.

Galileo Galilee. The Galilean moons are the four largest moons of Jupiter—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. They were first seen by Galileo Galilei in December 1609 or January 1610, and recognized by him as satellites of Jupiter in March 1610.

In Antarctica. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory (or simply IceCube) is a neutrino observatory constructed at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. Its thousands of sensors are located under the Antarctic ice, distributed over a cubic kilometre. In November 2013 it was announced that IceCube had detected 28 neutrinos that likely originated outside the Solar System.

Challenger Deep. The Challenger Deep is the deepest known point in the Earth's seabed hydrosphere, with a depth of 10,898 to 10,916 m by direct measurement from submersibles, and slightly more by sonar bathymetry. It is in the Pacific Ocean, at the southern end of the Mariana Trench near the Mariana Islands group. The Challenger Deep is a relatively small slot-shaped depression in the bottom of a considerably larger crescent-shaped oceanic trench.

The Dutch. New Zealand was discovered by Dutch captain Abel Tasman. It is named after the Dutch province of Zealand (near the Belgian border today).