Historical names questions

Between 1947-1971, the current country of Bangladesh was a part of Pakistan, known as the East Pakistan. It was the largest, the most populated and the richest region of Pakistan, completely separated from the rest of the country. In 1971, after 9-month-long war for independence, the province became the independent country of Bangladesh.

"Upper Volta" was the name of the French colony in the upper section of river Volta. In 1958 the country gained independence, and in 1984 it changed its name to “Burkina Faso”. The new name was createf from words in two different local languages: “Burkina” means “honest” in Mossi language, “Faso” means “fatherland” in Dyula language.

In 1971 the dictator Mobutu Sese Seko changed the name of Republic of Congo to Republic of Zaire. His goal was to replace all the post-colonial names (the capital Leopoldville was changed to Kishasa). However, changing the name of Congo to Zaire was curious, given that the name Congo, which referred both to the river Congo and to the ancient Kongo Empire, was fundamentally "authentic" to pre-colonial African roots, while Zaire is in fact a Portuguese corruption of another African word, Nzere ("river”). In 1997 the name was changed back to Republic of Congo.

The name “Ceylon” was given to the island by the Portuguese explorers in 1505. Later it was used by the British as a name of the colony. In 1948, the country gained independence, and changed its name to Sri Lanka (coming from local Sinhalese language) in 1972.

Suriname is a former Dutch Colony known as Dutch Guiana. The country changed its name in 1975, after gaining independence. The name “Suriname” comes from the main river of the country, and was used for the colony long before the official adoption.

Formosa is a name given to the island by the Portuguese explorers (“Ilha Formosa” - “beautiful island”). The name was used until 1945.

The name “Ottoman” comes from the Osman dynasty, which ruled Turkey from 13th century until 1922.

The country has always been called Mueang Thai by its citizens. Portuguese explorers named it Siam, possibly from the Chinese name “Xiam”. The name “Siam” was used officially by Thai government until 1939, when it was changed to Thailand. In 1945 the name reverted to Siam, and in 1949 reverted once again to Thailand.

Initially, the territory was referred to as "South Zambezia", a reference to the River Zambezi, until the name "Rhodesia" came into use in 1895 (after Cecil Rhodes, whose British South Africa Company acquired the land in the late 19th century). In 1980, the country name was changed to Zimbabwe.

Abyssinia is the name used for the Ethiopian Empire, which existed from the 12th century until 1974.